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Gene & cell therapy

Visualization of vector biodistribution and vector-mediated gene expression.

Overview

CFT in gene and cell therapy

New vectors are in development to improve their efficacy, including biodistribution and transduction, while minimizing off-target or safety liabilities. Unbiased visualization of vector biodistribution and subsequent gene transduction in preclinical models is crucial in early-stage research; however, these critical studies are challenging using standard imaging modalities.

See what you're missing with Cryo-Fluorescence Tomography (CFT) and Xerra™, a 3D imaging technology that allows whole-body detection and visualization of vector biodistribution and vector-mediated gene expression, in high resolution and with high sensitivity.

EMIT Imaging's visualization tools make CFT data easier to explore and collaborate on, with a full range of options to fit different user types and use cases.

Contact us to identify the best visualization tool for your team and receive a demo →
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EMIT Imaging offers integrated services spanning in vivo pharmacology, CFT, and downstream analysis. Let's talk through what we can do for your research.

Research examples
Case study · tdTomato expression in non-human primates

Whole-body AAV biodistribution in non-human primates

AAV8 vs. AAV9

Findings: Whole-body CFT imaging of marmosets dosed intravenously with AAV8 or AAV9 expressing tdTomato shows the full spatial pattern of expression, and CFT signal correlates with ddPCR measurements from the same animal.

Common marmoset imaged in 3D after systemic intravenous AAV administration
Fluorescence co-registered with white-light anatomical images
CFT signal correlated with cDNA ddPCR in liver, heart, and muscle
Source: ESGCT 2026 poster. Ciara Finucane et al. View the poster
AAV8 upper body: white light, overlay, and fluorescence
AAV8 upper body: white light, overlay, and fluorescence
AAV8 whole-body MIP
AAV9 whole-body MIP
Case study whole-body GFP expression across neurotropic AAV serotypes

Neurotropic AAV serotypes

CBA promoter

Findings: Using 3D Cryo-Fluorescence Tomography, researchers visualized whole-body GFP expression across multiple neurotropic AAV serotypes, revealing remarkable expression throughout the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. By comparing spatial expression patterns across vector designs, researchers gain valuable insight into whole-body transgene expression at sub-organ level resolution, supporting the development of next-generation gene therapies.

Fluorescent reporter: eGFP (Ex:Em 489 nm:509 nm)
Samples embedded in D31 Dark OCT and sliced along the horizontal plane
Imaged at 35 µm pixel resolution with 470 nm excitation and a 511/20 nm emission filter
3D whole-body MIP
Anatomical (left) and fluorescence (right) flythrough
Anatomy (top), overlay (center), fluorescence (bottom)
Anatomy (top), overlay (center), fluorescence (bottom)
EMIT Viewer
Neurotropic AAV serotypes
Explore this dataset in your browser: page through slices, toggle channels, and rotate the 3D volume.
Open in the EMIT Viewer
Case study whole-body mCherry expression with cardiac-targeted AAVs

Cardiac specificity of AAV capsid and promoter pairs

mCherry reporter

Findings: Using 3D Cryo-Fluorescence Tomography, whole-body mCherry expression was visualized in mice dosed with AAVs to confirm cardiac specificity and to assess potential toxic distribution to the central nervous system for cardiac-specific capsid and promoter pairs. The resulting 3D datasets show expression in the heart alongside transgene expression throughout the rest of the body, including the central nervous system, at sub-organ level resolution.

Fluorescent reporter: mCherry (Ex:Em 587 nm:610 nm)
Whole-body C57BL/6 mice embedded and sliced dorsal-to-ventral along the horizontal plane
Imaged at 55 µm pixel resolution with 555 nm excitation and a 620/14 nm emission filter
Example · IV administration

AAV-mediated protein expression

Vector biodistribution

Findings: 3D CFT visualization of AAV vector biodistribution and expression following IV administration.

AAV-mediated protein expression, 3D CFT
AAV-mediated protein expression, 3D CFT
AAV CFT flythrough
AAV CFT flythrough
Example · intrathecal injection

Whole-body distribution of labeled ASO

Depth & resolution

Findings: CFT enhances data from 2D in vivo FLI by addressing its depth and resolution limitations.

Cy5-labeled ASO at day 15 following IT injection
Full visualization of the spinal column into the cisterna magna
CFT detects biodistribution and clearance: GI, lymphatic, nasal turbinate, etc.
CFT is 3D and high resolution: <50 µm versus >1 mm in optical and nuclear medicine imaging
2D in vivo fluorescence (prone)
2D in vivo fluorescence (prone)
2D in vivo fluorescence (supine)
2D in vivo fluorescence (supine)
3D CFT
3D CFT
Example · AAV7-GFP + AAV9-tdTomato

Whole-body transduction

Vector comparison

Findings: CFT visualization of whole-body transduction and expression by AAV9 and AAV7.

Representative images of animals administered single vectors or both AAV7.CAG.EGFP and AAV9.CAG.tdTomato (A, B)
Representative CFT images of EGFP fluorescence in hind limb muscle (C) and protein copy number by qPCR (D)
Yost et al., ASGCT 2023 · Yost et al., Journal of Virology, 2023
Head region, AAV7-GFP and AAV9-tdTomato (A)
Head region, AAV7-GFP and AAV9-tdTomato (A)
Whole-body transduction, AAV7-GFP and AAV9-tdTomato (B)
Whole-body transduction, AAV7-GFP and AAV9-tdTomato (B)
3D CFT flythrough, whole-body transduction
3D CFT flythrough, whole-body transduction
EGFP fluorescence, biceps muscle (C)
EGFP fluorescence, biceps muscle (C)
AAV copy number by qPCR (D)
AAV copy number by qPCR (D)
Example · AAV7-GFP + AAV9-tdTomato

Regional transduction

Tissue mapping

Findings: CFT identified several tissues with AAV transduction and protein expression.

Widespread transduction by both AAV7 (A) and AAV9 (B) in the muscle cells of the tongue, tissues in the sinus cavity, lacrimal and Harderian glands beneath the eye, and inside the marrow of the jaw and outside the roots of the incisors
Yost et al., ASGCT 2023 · Yost et al., Journal of Virology, 2023
Fluorescence MIP, head
Fluorescence MIP, head
Anatomical + Fluorescence Overlay, head
Anatomical + Fluorescence Overlay, head
Transduction in AAV7 (A) and AAV9 (B)
Transduction in AAV7 (A) and AAV9 (B)
Whole-body AAV expression across tissues, imaged in 3D.

Want to see how your own data could look? Explore the full range of CFT visualization solutions.

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EMIT Viewer

Explore the data yourself, right in your browser

Open the cardiac or neurotropic AAV dataset, or the multiplexed vehicle and cargo example, and page through slices, toggle fluorescence channels, and rotate the reconstructed volume. Nothing to download and nothing to install.

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